The Pantheon database contains habitat-related traits, feeding guilds, conservation status (including rarity and threat status), legal protection data and associations with other taxa for just over 11,700 invertebrates. The database has been developed for invertebrates within England so the data should be used with caution when applying it to invertebrates of other countries. The data have been extracted from numerous sources within the published literature and compiled and categorised by entomological experts over a number of years. The database also includes (and supersedes) species assemblage types (SATs) from the Invertebrate Species-habitat Information System (ISIS). Species names have been linked with the Taxon Version Key (TVK; unique identifier) from the UK Species Inventory, held by the Natural History Museum, where possible. Overall the database holds 154,072 records. The database was developed by Natural England and the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology as part of a development of online analytical tools to benefit invertebrate conservation and site assessments. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/2a353d2d-c1b9-4bf7-8702-9e78910844bc

The results of an analysis of the connectivity of sixteen priority habitat networks in England using the Condatis methodology. The dataset includes conductance scores for each of the priority habitat networks (an overall assessment of how connected the habitat network is), the flow scores for each contiguous habitat patch within each of the habitat networks (the importance of that patch to connectivity), as well as details of protection. Additionally, the dataset includes data and scripts needed to run a demonstration Condatis analysis, and produced the figures used in Travers et al., 2021 (in prep.). Dispersal distances of 2, 4 and 8 km were used as inputs into Condatis. The outputs of connectivity assessments using those dispersal figures were geometrically averaged to provide results summing up the connectedness of a habitat network over a range of dispersal abilities. To determine how much connectivity (flow), and which patches were protected in each habitat network they were overlaid with SSSI and NNR spatial data. If more than 50% of a patch’s area was covered by a protected area it was determined to be protected. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/a715112e-08ae-4d6e-943a-77933fd5ddd1

Results of moth surveys carried out at four landscapes in North-West Hampshire in June and July 2014. The data includes dates and locations of the surveys and associated counts for each of 180 moth species. Also included is information on site management, connectivity of survey sites to chalk grassland and habitat specialism of each moth species. Moths were surveyed in light traps for 24 nights in June/July 2014 in four landscapes in North-West Hampshire. Each survey location contained a patch of protected chalk grassland habitat surrounded mostly by arable fields. Each landscape was surveyed for six nights, with two traps being placed on the chalk grassland and the remaining eight being placed on arable fields at a range of distances from the chalk grassland patch. Traps on arable fields were alternated between arable field margins and arable field centres across the six nights. Four of eight arable field margins in each landscape comprised an area of grassland habitat created under agri-environment schemes. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/a8819ca7-1d16-4acf-b27c-983a73e7a7cd

The dataset consists of long-term vegetation monitoring data from the Hard Hill burning plots sited in the Moor House - Upper Teesdale National Nature Reserve, Cumbria. An experiment to investigate the effects of rotational burning and grazing was initiated in 1954, consisting of a replicated block layout. Initial vegetation recording was carried out in 1961 and 1965 using a quadrat method and DOMIN scale. In 1972 onwards, vegetation was recorded using a pin frame. Data were recorded by staff from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology and its predecessors. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/0b931b16-796e-4ce4-8c64-d112f09293f7

This dataset consists of ammonia (NH3) measurements at three sites on Fenn’s, Whixall, Bettisfield, Wem and Cadney Mosses SSSI on the border of Wrexham County Borough (North Wales) and Shropshire (West Midlands). The ammonia measurements are taken from a set of ALPHA (R) (Adapted Low-cost Passive High Absorption) samplers from July to December in the year 2018. The sites were established in order to monitor ammonia during implementation of Site Nitrogen Action Plan (SNAP), as part of the Marches Mosses BogLIFE project. This project aims to restore Britain's third largest lowland raised bog within the Fenn’s, Whixall & Bettisfield Mosses and Wem Moss National Nature Reserves near Whitchurch, Shropshire and Wrexham in Wales. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/c6145da7-ec61-49ae-a050-f5c5acd6cf9e

Data consist of modelled estimates of observed/expected Biological Monitoring Working Party (an index for measuring the biological quality of rivers using selected families of macroinvertebrates as biological indicators) scores for freshwater streams across Great Britain (GB). The BMWP scores (1-10) are based on the principle that macroinvertebrates differ in their perceived sensitivity or tolerance to organic pollution (i.e. nutrient enrichment). Values greater than 1 indicate high water quality. Data pooled across two survey years (1998 and 2007) was used to model the relationships between headwater stream quality and catchment/stream characteristics for headwater streams across GB based on known relationships for headwater streams in Countryside Survey squares. Modelled estimates of stream water quality were based on a Boosted Regression Tree modelling approach . Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/85e7beb6-e031-4397-a090-841b8c907d1b

This dataset presents estimates of total carbon stored in vegetation across Great Britain (GB). Presented as carbon density (tonnes per hectare) the data was obtained by estimating carbon density values for each land cover type and then projecting across GB using the 2007 Land Cover Map. Countryside Survey data from 2007 was also used to derive the carbon density estimates for each land cover type and as such the dataset is a representation for 2007. Changes in size and productivity of the aboveground carbon pool may act as a sink or source for carbon dioxide. As such, the carbon stored in vegetation and its spatial distribution plays a vital role in climate regulation. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/9be652e7-d5ce-44c1-a5fc-8349f76f5f5c

This dataset models bee nectar plant richness across Great Britain (GB). It uses counts of bee nectar plants (using a list agreed with experts) in Countryside Survey area vegetation plots in 2007 and extrapolates to 1km squares across GB using a generalised additive mixed model. Co-variables used in the model are Broad Habitat (the dominant broad habitat of the 1km square), air temperature, nitrogen deposition, precipitation and altitude. This data provides a metric of the Natural Capital associated with pollination, although to measure the service itself you would require additional datasets. Understanding the distribution of bee nectar plants does provide valuable information on the potential distribution of pollinators and hence pollination. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/623a38dd-66e8-42e2-b49f-65a15d63beb5

The dataset consists of plant species data from a range of upland vegetation types. The study sites are situated within the Moor House National Nature Reserve in the North Pennines, UK. The area is grazed by free-ranging sheep and paired plots of grazed and ungrazed vegetation were set up at nine locations between 1953 and 1972. These plots have been monitored using the same (pin frame) methods at irregular intervals between their establishment and 2016. Within each plot fixed transect and frame positions are used. The data includes structural and frequency data for vascular plants and presence/absence data for bryophytes and lichens. The plots were set up and are currently maintained by Natural England (NE) and its predecessor bodies and since 1982 they have been monitored by the Environmental Change Network (ECN) through the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (UKCEH). Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/c72ab043-1b02-42c9-94e8-c1cae42b3dc8

Results of a survey undertaken in 2018 involving a range of open and closed questions intended to elicit local residents’ values they attach to the importance of coastal attributes and their perceptions of various tidal and wave energy development characteristics. Three case study sites were selected: Weston-super-Mare, Minehead, and the Taw-Torridge Estuary, South-West UK. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/e5190fd0-2995-42aa-aca0-80714abde768